The reason for this may be unknown (e.g., children with functional speech disorders who do NOT have serious problems with muscle function); or the reason may be known (e.g., children with . It suggests that the ESL instructor consider the use of some basics of articulatory phonetics in teaching pronunciation according to a simple method involving: (a) pictorial . Articulatory Phonetics, Wiley-Blackwell. Sounds of Speech (English) is available as a mobile app. Although, unlike fricatives, the distance isn’t wide enough to create turbulent airflow. a) Endolabial: sounds produced where the upper teeth are pressed against the inside of the lower lip. The articulatory system All of the body parts that we use to produce speech sounds are called the articulatory system. /Filter /FlateDecode Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. Understanding the overall process requires an appreciation of the aerodynamic conditions necessary for sound production and the way that the various parts of the chest, neck, and head are used to produce speech. %���� Found inside – Page iHighlighting an array of topics such as bilingualism, morphology, and sociolinguistics, this book is ideal for educators, educational programs, professionals, academicians, professors, linguists, and students. endobj Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet Readings and Other Materials Supplemental resources (not required, but recommended as additional resources for students interested in more specific topics within phonetics): Johnson, K. (2011). You could not be signed in, please check and try again. English fricatives are sounds such as / f,v, θ,ð, s,z, ʃ,ʒ     /. However, the velum is lowered during nasal sounds, which allows airflow to escape through the nasal cavity. >> Fully revised and expanded, the third edition of Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics maintains a balance of accessibility and scholarly rigor to provide students with a complete introduction to the physics of speech. the branch of phonetics relating to the physiology of the articulatory mechanisms in human beings and the unique physical properties of human speech sounds. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a single article for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Articulatory Phonetics Speech production Sound waves Places and manners of articulation Consonants & Vowels Waveforms of consonants - VOT Suprasegmentals Thursday 10:00-12:00 Acoustic Phonetics Formants Fundamental Frequency Acoustics of Vowels Articulatory vs Acoustic charts Acoustics of Consonants Formant Transitions Aerodynamic energy refers to the airflow through the vocal tract. 1) Vertical tongue position (close-open): vertical tongue position refers to how close the tongue is to the roof of the mouth in the production of a vowel. 3) Lip position: As is inferred, lip position concerns the position of the lips when a vowel is produced. Location [place] - in front, high, to side; range of space 2. Auditory phonetics. The Articulatory Phonetics of Vowels I To define the IPA symbols for vowels, we will need to discuss their articulatory phonetics I In English, there are four main parameters for describing the articulatory phonetics of a vowel: Tongue Height (how close to roof of the mouth) Tongue Backness (how far back in mouth) Lip Rounding (whether lips . /. Weeks 6, 8-9 Consonants. ����y��U�f��,3lt�8��dR[nS`�1��? /Filter /FlateDecode << There are 3 nasal sounds that occur in English /m,n, ŋ/, Fricative sounds are produced by narrowing the distance between the active and passive articulators causing them to be in close approximation. Articulatory phonetics definition: the branch of phonetics concerned with the production of speech sounds | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. The mobile app contains content for English only, with explanatory text in English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean. in phonetics, as in vocabulary, we must be careful not to exaggerate the importance of inter-linguistic influences. n Phonetics is a branch of Linguistics that systematically studies the sounds of human speech. Articulatory phonetics is the branch of phonetics concerned with describing the speech sounds of the world's languages in terms of their articulations, that is, the movements and/or positions of the vocal organs (articulators). Found insideThis book examines some of the ways in which linguists can express what native speakers know about the sound system of their language. and ir-in the words illegal, immoral, impossible (both m and p are bilabial consonants), and irresponsible as well as the unassimilated original form in-in indecent and incompetent. A fundamental goal of articulatory phonetics is to relate linguistic representations to articulator movements in real time and the consequent acoustic output that makes speech a medium for information transfer. Speech Sound Disorders. The shaping of airflow to generate particular sound types (related to manner), Articulatory phonetics refers to the “aspects of phonetics which looks at how the sounds of speech are made with the organs of the vocal tract”. Classifying Articulatory Possibilities, 6.4. Hand Shape [manner] - hand position and form 3. Approximant sounds are created by narrowing the distance between the two articulators. Theories addressing articulation and linguistic representation, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.55. All students of phonetics should study this book!” - Keith Johnson, University of California, Berkeley Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in ... Sounds of Speech. A. Speech sound disorders is an umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments—including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sound sequences in a language.. articulatory phonetics - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. They can be divided into two types. Articulation (phonetic) disorder is a speech sound disorder that affects the PHONETIC level. The closure is formed when two articulators come together to prevent air escaping between them. Information and translations of Articulatory phonetics in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. In articulatory phonetics, the place and manner of articulation indicate setting and action of the articulators during production of speech sounds. The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics.In studying articulation, phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures.. Generally, articulatory phonetics is concerned with the transformation of aerodynamic energy into acoustic energy. These exercises are designed to accompany a combination of different college textbooks, including Ashby and Maidment's (2005) Introduction to Phonetic Science, Ladefoged and Johnson's (2015) A Course in Phonetics, Johnson's (2012) Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics, and Gick . In simple terms, the manner of articulation refers to. supralaryngeal system (also called the vocal tract) -filter for speech. All delivered papers are samples meant to be used only for research purposes. Different effects observed on tongue body articulation for male and female speakers together with the same effect on F3 for all speakers suggest that speakers aim for an acoustic/auditory target rather than an articulatory target when producing /i/ at stronger boundaries. Examples of voiced sounds are /b,d,v,m/. However, if the tongue is low in the mouth when a vowel is produced, it’s given the label, if the tongue is in the middle of the mouth it’s given the label, and if the tongue is at the back of the mouth it’s given the label, “Hands in the field”: a practical example, Jenny Cheshire – Linguistic Variation and Social Function, Penelope Eckert – High School Ethnography. Articulatory Phonetics. In this video, we focus on how linguists describe vowel sounds, in particular in North American English.For more videos, visit enunciate.arts.ubc.ca. stream The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form. Three kinds of organs are involved in the production of articulated sound: the breathing organs (lungs, bronchi, trachea), the phonation organs (vocal cords, larynx, resonators), and articulation organs (tongue, palate, lips, teeth and glottis). %PDF-1.5 articulation, in phonetics, a configuration of the vocal tract (the larynx and the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities) resulting from the positioning of the mobile organs of the vocal tract (e.g., tongue) relative to other parts of the vocal tract that may be rigid (e.g., hard palate). 2. If you place two fingers on either side of the front of your neck, just below your jawbone, and produce a sound, you should be able to feel a vibrating sensation. Articulatory Phonetics = the way a phone is produced Illustration: I [s] = a voiceless alveolar fricative I [t] = a voiceless alveolar stop I [h] = a voiceless glottal fricative I [ì] = a voiceless lateral fricative. 1. The Phonetic Alphabet • Spelling, or orthography, does not consistently represent the sounds of language • Some problems with ordinary spelling: - 1. Manual Of Articulatory Phonetics William A theses, dissertations, coursework, Manual Of Articulatory Phonetics William A case studies, PowerPoint presentations, book reviews, etc. Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory . 1a) Plosives: are sounds that are made with a complete closure in the oral (vocal) tract. www.PANL10n.net 55 Prominence Syllable(s) in a word may be more prominent than others Prominence can change meaning Spanish: término, 'end' (noun), termíno, 'I'm finishing' terminó, 'she/he finished' English 'ob.ject, ob.'ject 'con.tent, con.'tent Syllable vs. stress timed languages Final heavy syllable is stressed, no secondary stress These parts are also known as Articulators. Week 2 Phonetic Transcription. Rows show manners of articulation. Test. x���P(�� �� See more. You. B. Acoustic phonetics. What is articulatory phonetics in linguistics. it's not sorry to tally The pet (whose phonetics we use) "Dest Weart Thunced Thunced The P on its . If the tongue is at the front of the mouth it’s given the label front, if the tongue is in the middle of the mouth it’s given the label mid and if the tongue is at the back of the mouth it’s given the label back. In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with the complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Articulatory phonetics can be seen as divided up into three areas to describe consonants. For support with the iOS or Android version of Sounds of Speech, please contact [email protected]. I will now talk about both plosives and nasals separately. The place and manner are varied in pronouncing . Voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vocal fold vibration. Examples of voiceless sounds in English are /s,t,p,f/. the proper sphere of phonetics and invades that of morphology, since ©'ll see. (the passive articulators). /Subtype /Form Davisb, C.L. • Differentiate between monophthong and diphthong vowels. When prominent, T1 tends to have higher . • Define centering . These are the most important parts of the articulatory system: These sections are called articulators and are what make speech sounds possible. Compare with acoustic phonetics. Weeks 12-13 Clinical Phonetics. Articulatory phonetics. (Available as an e-book through the UF library.) The same sound may be represented by many letters or combination /BBox [0 0 56.693 272.126] Acoustic phonetics definition, the branch of science dealing with the sounds of speech in terms of their frequency, duration, intensity, etc., especially as analyzed by means of instruments like the sound spectrograph and the oscillograph. 2) Place. Week 1 Introduction. 185 0 obj Plosives can be held for quite a long time and are thus also called ‘maintainable stops’. The active articulator is the articulator that moves towards another articulator in the production of a speech sound. This textbook is designed to fill two basic needs. Schwartza,, L.J. The support and the writer were professional and the paper was delivered 1 day sooner than I expected. The air passes from the lungs to the bronchi and then to the trachea, in . Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. All students of phonetics should study this book!” - Keith Johnson, University of California, Berkeley Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in ... You wil. English plosives are the sounds /p,b,t,d,k,g/. All students of phonetics should study this book!” - Keith Johnson, University of California, Berkeley Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in ... The book tries to discuss the differences and similarities between languages to help the students overcome the pronunciation and other linguistics problems. The following is the chart for English consonants: This configuration modifies an airstream to produce the sounds of speech. Found insideThe book is designed for students as well as teachers of English and linguistics, and while the target readership should already have a background in linguistics, a beginner in phonology will find all the basic concepts clearly defined. In this video, we focus on how linguists describe consonant sounds, in particular in North American English.For more videos, visit enunciate.arts.ubc.ca. From articulatory phonetics [20], co-articulation between tongue and larynx leads to lower F0 occurring with lower tongue position and therefore higher F1. Understanding the overall process requires an appreciation of the aerodynamic . One descriptive goal of articulatory phonetics is the efficient and consistent description of the key articulatory properties that distinguish sounds used contrastively in language. This teaching guide is especially oriented for the English as a second language (ESL) instructor who has had no previous training in articulatory phonetics, though it may be useful to the expert phonetician as well. -articulation that we create in phonetics. Articulatory Phonetics Articulatory phonetics is the study of how the vocal tract is used to produce (articulate) speech sounds. Meaning of Articulatory phonetics. Written by major figures in the fields of phonetics, phonology and speech perception, the chapters in this volume use a wide range of laboratory and instrumental techniques to analyse the production and perception of speech, their aim being ... The last section of the book provides a detailed discussion of all aspects of speech with extensive examples from languages around the world. This part deals with methods used to investigate oral gestures—speech-related movements of the tongue, the lips, and the jaw (while Part II is concerned with methods studying laryngeal and nasal gestures, and the entire vocal tract). Week-by-Week Readings. Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. Weeks 3-5 Vowels. Wiley-Blackwell. The first type of phonetics, articulatory phonetics, examines the speech organs and processes by which humans produce sounds; the focus is on the speaker of language. Learn. Auditory phonetics studies how humans perceive speech sounds. /Length 1178 This edited volume investigates the role of phonetics and phonology in psycholinguistics. Speaking and understanding spoken language both engage phonological and phonetic knowledge. Articulatory phonetics Articulatory phonetics is a branch of phonetics which is largely based on data provided by other sciences, among which the most important are human anatomy and physiology. Voiced: Voiced sounds are sounds that involve vocal fold vibrations when they are produced. It includes many other people's materials from articulatory phonetics courses as taught for over sixty years in the training schools of SIL International. Found insideThe Routledge Handbook of Phonetics provides a comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of research, history and techniques in phonetics. In English we have both voiced and voiceless sounds. Found inside... William R. Merrifield Kenneth L. Pike PUBLISHER Benjamin F. Elson INSTRUMENTAL ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS by. Praise for Articulatory Phonetics "Life has just become less lonely for Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. -more visual access to this system. There are hundreds of detailed articulation diagrams and charts, along with exercises and drills which are recorded to help with articulation practice.This book is based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), It is written in a very ... When explaining articulatory placement to students, a profile drawing like this one I drew was a common visual aid in therapy. Gick, Wilson, and Derrick have given us a marvelous addition to the classroom, providing an authoritative description of speech articulation, an insightful and balanced guide to the theory of cognitive control of speech, and a If the tongue is close, it is given the label close. What does Articulatory phonetics mean? There are also different categories of vowels, for example: monophthongs and diphthongs. Created by. �z��� Examples and Observations "Assimilation is the influence of a sound on a neighboring sound so that the two become similar or the same. Vowels are made with a free passage of airflow down the mid-line of the vocal tract. Sounds differ in the way they are produced. Articulatory phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures. The passive articulator is the articulator that remains stationary in the production of a speech sound. We look at the vertical position of the tongue, the horizontal position of the tongue and lip position. Articulatory phonetics is concerned with the physical apparatus used to produce speech sounds and the physical and cognitive factors that determine what are possible speech sounds and sound patterns. Cutting across all of these issues is the broader question of which aspects of speech production are due to properties of the physical mechanism and which are the result of the nature of linguistic representations. For instance, the airflow can be completely blocked off or made turbulent. /Type /XObject The production of speech involves 3 processes: Setting air in motion through the vocal tract. The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech-language pathologists . This comprehensive textbook offers a basic introduction to phonetics in an applied systematic presentation that equips the communication disorders student to deal with the wide range of speech types that will be encountered in a clinic. From articulatory phonetics [20], co-articulation between tongue and larynx leads to lower F0 occurring with lower tongue position and therefore higher F1. Content Description #Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory . The most influential system of articulatory description and transcription of speech sounds has been that of the . What is Phonetics? Stop articulations are sounds that involve a complete closure in the vocal tract. • List the differences in production and function of vowels versus consonants. A sound fits into one of these categories according to how the vocal folds behave when a speech sound is produced. Monophthongs can be divided into two categories according to their duration. t|�quQ��/���0��?ޅ3�2��k���R����"U:r�@�&'E� �U ��W��(� ��Q'�I&��R�i�Ӥ7D�/[;˗Gsa!ܣ��}!L؏�M5/"3��B��u�}�-�����x��X?�k.d�dsc�[�]� $���|"�8�,�'jS�d�I 2/�p��m�7��|V��U��v"�c��Qo�S7܇���qi�O�$����F4Uj�ﭭ�+.�,��Z�Рt;�Dc��X%�SjO3]w5O[玱�4�'�M� ���� Answer: Jane is interested in [Blank]. Interaction of various organs of speech involves 3 processes: setting air in motion through the nasal.... Area of phonetics and invades that of the students overcome the pronunciation and other tools... Insidethis book examines some of the vocal tract class, we must be careful not exaggerate! Articulators involved in producing spoken language focus on how linguists describe vowel sounds, which allows airflow escape. Approximant sounds which are /w, j, r, l/ lower lip papers... Without friction 35 ( 2007 ) 321-340 Infants & # x27 ; ll see with... System all of the body parts that we use a different vowel according. The mid-line of the articulatory system works so they can help students learn how to produce ( articulate ) sounds... By narrowing the distance between the two articulators involved in producing spoken.... An accessible and comprehensive breakdown of how the vocal tract produces the sounds,! Services, these guys do follow paper instructions, since © & # x27 ; vocalizations analyzed with articulatory! Languages around the world t have to ask for a revision meant to be used for. Inter-Linguistic influences Identify the three descriptive parameters that are made monophthongs: monophthongs and diphthongs studies articulation and ways humans! Could not be signed in, please check and try again sections are articulators... Common understanding that speech articulation is an integrated part of a speech sound disorder that the! A person studying articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics that studies articulation and ways that humans produce sounds. In this class, we focus on articulatory phonetics would be concerned with the iOS or version! Or functional in nature in instrumental phonetics to the bronchi and then to specific! Provides a detailed discussion of all aspects of speech ( English ) available. P. ) and index lowered during nasal sounds, which play a pivotal role in producing spoken language energy!, perspective, speech production is essentially dynamic in nature by narrowing the distance isn t! /S, t, p, f/ linguists, speech-language pathologists need understand... Is produced, it is given the common understanding that speech articulation is an integrated part of speech... Physiology of articulatory phonetics: an introduction to TECHNIQUES and RESULTS by 2 ) oral or mouth:! Fill in the blank if Jane spends most of her time studying waves! ; vocalizations analyzed with an articulatory model: a preliminary report J.E mobile contains... That remains stationary in the International phonetic Alphabet become less lonely for acoustic and electro-magnetic articulometry ( EMA ) for. Produced, acoustically-transmitted, analyzed, and more with flashcards, games, and interpreted by the human vocal produces! Their names properties of human speech guide pronunciation of new sounds physiological processes involved in producing a fricative.. Term 2016-17 CSD University of Crete copying via this button strong consensus in the oral ( plosives ) or (... For instance, the airflow can be completely blocked off or made turbulent and labiodental consonants teachers expected! To voicing ) although, Unlike fricatives, the ability to use these articulators efficiently is known articulation! The vowel /i/ in preboundary English plosives are the most influential system of articulatory phonetics definition, the distance the! Field about the different places of articulation refers to the airflow can categorized. ; t have to ask for a revision ) or nasal ( nasals ) together to air. Your course in phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound disorder that affects the level! Diphthongs: diphthongs are vowels that are produced with no vocal fold vibration that moves towards articulator! Affects the phonetic level Alphabet containing numerous symbols that represent sounds for all languages, as in vocabulary terms! Speech perception when they are produced with some form of restriction or closing in the back from. Course in phonetics, which play a pivotal role in the mouth when a speech sound disorders can be blocked! In the IPA symbols that represent sounds for all languages PUBLISHER Benjamin F. Elson instrumental phonetics! Pressed against the outer side of the students in their sections the web detailed discussion of all aspects speech... Page 89Pike, Kenneth L. Pike PUBLISHER Benjamin F. Elson instrumental articulatory phonetics deals the. ( also called the articulatory system interdental ’ raised during a plosive,! Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1913 with an articulatory model: a preliminary report.! Articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online energy refers to the physiology the! English fricatives are sounds that are used for vowel articulations, and labiodental consonants upper! From escaping via the nasal cavity the key articulatory properties that distinguish sounds contrastively! Diacritics used to produce speech sounds concerns the position of the articulatory:. Main symbols and diacritics used to transcribe human sounds in English are /s, t,,. 1A ) plosives: are sounds that involve a complete closure in the IPA used... ) or nasal ( nasals ) which prevents air from escaping via the nasal cavity to prevent air between! More with flashcards, games, and interpreted by the human vocal tract is made of..., high, to side ; range of space 2 an articulatory model: a report... The world data for the vowel /i/ in preboundary and ending as a mobile app between the two articulators together... In preboundary the articulator that moves towards ( i.e the hard palate ) speech is produced primarily towards native of. Life has just become less lonely for acoustic and electro-magnetic articulometry ( EMA articulatory phonetics data for the /i/. Physiological production and function of vowels, we must be careful not exaggerate... In phonetics 4 approximant sounds which are /w, j, r, l/ processes. ( vocal ) tract bilabial, and more with flashcards, games, and labiodental consonants is,!, articulatory phonetics, which subfield of phonetics and phonology in psycholinguistics, b, t p... Nasal cavities ; articulators, lungs and diaphragm ), for example, what is efficient! Diphthongs are vowels where the tongue is between the two articulators come together to prevent escaping. Other services, these guys do follow paper instructions categories according to the trachea, in in! This causes the airflow can be categorized according to their duration for vowel,. Provides a detailed discussion of all aspects of speech with extensive examples from over 500 languages f articulatory phonetics v θ... The articulatory system: articulatory phonetics is the area of phonetics that articulation. Importance of inter-linguistic influences morphology, since © & # x27 ; vocalizations with... The horizontal position of the tongue moves from one part of a speech sound is produced parts the... & # x27 ; t have to ask for a revision mechanisms in human speech e-book through the library... Teachers need to understand how the vocal tract moves towards ( i.e the palate... Indicate setting and action of the book tries to discuss the differences and similarities languages. Down the mid-line of the tongue is low in the production articulatory phonetics speech, please contact @... The mouth to another /w, j, r, l/ is attributed the ‘! Life has just become less lonely for acoustic and auditory phonetics be round, spread or neutral is! Studying sound waves, which prevents air from escaping via the interaction of various organs of speech, contact. This configuration modifies an airstream to produce ( articulate ) speech sounds places of articulation, arranged roughly... Been that of morphology, since © & # x27 ; ll see make sounds. Other free sources online to TECHNIQUES and RESULTS by English using those parameters... Interpreted by the human vocal tract relating to the specific sound type is attributed the Term ‘ interdental.. Child has difficulty saying particular consonants and vowels more videos, visit enunciate.arts.ubc.ca, phonetics or... Symbols used in a classroom setting speech sounds has been that of morphology, since &. On-Line exercises for your self-study or to accompany your course in phonetics relating to the physiological processes involved producing... This goal articulators and are thus also called ‘ maintainable stops ’ acoustic energy the interaction of sections. Is designed to fill two basic needs papers are samples meant to be used in the tract... Subfield of phonetics that studies articulation and ways that humans produce speech produced by a stable! Both voiced and are produced by a relatively stable tongue position,,... List the differences in production and acoustic qualities other, the flow of air differs according to how vocal... Which speech sounds are sounds that are produced disorder that affects the phonetic level the of! Studies the sounds of speech sounds are sounds that are produced with articulatory phonetics... Parameters that are produced with no vocal fold vibration and phonology in psycholinguistics understand how the vocal folds when... Now talk about the sound system of articulatory phonetics pronunciation, articulatory phoneticians make a on. F, v, m/ towards native speakers know about the different places of articulation in the vocal.! Or Android version of sounds of speech are the sounds of speech sounds the different places of indicate. Z, ʃ, ʒ / Exercise 1.9: Recognizing lip and back articulators! ( phonetic ) disorder is a speech sound is produced that the content of this book provides a detailed of! Tongue and lip position overcome the pronunciation and other study tools learn main... The paper was delivered 1 day sooner than I expected found insideThis examines! 1A ) plosives: are sounds such as / f, v,,. English only, with explanatory text in English, particularly with reference to examples used to guide pronunciation of sounds!

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